Staff and Students PublicationsThis is a collection of Riara University staff and students publications.http://dlibrary.ru.local:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/72024-03-28T08:33:23Z2024-03-28T08:33:23ZINVESTMENT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES: AN EXPLORATORY REVIEW OF INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS IN KENYAKinoti, Rogershttp://dlibrary.ru.local:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/502021-06-29T09:56:49Z2018-01-01T00:00:00ZINVESTMENT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES: AN EXPLORATORY REVIEW OF INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS IN KENYA
Kinoti, Rogers
This paper explores the investment management structures of institutional investors in Kenya. The investment management approach of three main categories of institutional investors with significant activity in the market, namely, unit trusts, retirement benefits funds and insurance companies is investigated. The choice of the investment management structure is a critical first step in the investment decision making process of an investor. Using desk top analysis of various reports and key informant telephone interviews, the research identifies two main investment management structures being used by these institutional investors. The study uses a random sample from among the entities in each category. In house investment management structure where part or the entire portfolio of assets is managed by internal teams was found to be in use by 20% of insurance companies. No unit trusts used this approach but one retirement benefits scheme was found to manage part of its assets internally. As a means to comply with regulations, virtually all retirement benefits funds used delegated investment management model. Delegation among pension funds took the form of separately managed accounts (SMA) and guaranteed funds. 80% of Insurance companies delegated investment management through SMAs. This paper recommends the relaxation of compliance based rules on investment management to allow fiduciaries exercise greater control and discretion in the selection of investment management approaches.
2018-01-01T00:00:00ZA Reliable and Secure Distributed In-Network Data Storage Scheme in Wireless Sensor NetworksMusau, FelixAbdullahi, Muhammad BashirGuojun, Wanghttp://dlibrary.ru.local:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5832021-06-29T09:56:50Z2011-01-01T00:00:00ZA Reliable and Secure Distributed In-Network Data Storage Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks
Musau, Felix; Abdullahi, Muhammad Bashir; Guojun, Wang
In a battlefield surveillance scenario, data readings
and events emerging from a wireless sensor network deployed
that may not be used immediately by or simply impossible to
transmit to an authorized user (a Soldier) in real time are stored
in the network. Without proper protection for the sensitive data
generated in this setting, a compromised storage node (by an
enemy soldier) may divulge its stored sensitive data about the
monitored environment, and even worse, it may alter the data. In
this paper, we integrate an elliptic curve cryptography scheme
and an erasure coding scheme to provide reliable and secure
distributed in-network data storage for sensor networks. The
main idea is to distribute each erasure coded fragment appended
with a fingerprint to different storage nodes. The fingerprint is
to allow each coded data fragment to be independently verified
as a valid and correct subset of a specific data item. So, the
scheme achieves localization of data error. The proposed scheme
is resilient to collusion attack, pollution attack, and data dropping
attack, and guarantees forward and backward data secrecy
as well. The security of the proposed scheme relies on the
intractability of the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem.
Different from the existing solutions, the uniqueness of our
method comes from the use of lightweight encryption scheme,
which is well suited for resource constrained wireless sensors.
2011-01-01T00:00:00ZMemory Switching in Ion Bombarded Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon AlloysGateru, Roberthttp://dlibrary.ru.local:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4302021-06-29T09:59:43Z2003-06-01T00:00:00ZMemory Switching in Ion Bombarded Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Alloys
Gateru, Robert
Electrical, forming and switching characteristics of metal-semiconductor-metal(MSM) memory switches of ion bombarded hydrogenated amorphous silicon (aSi:H) and its alloys are presented. MSM devices for memory switching applications
are know n to be characterised by instabilities as well as non-uniformity and irreproducibility of the forming and switching characteristics. It is believed that the presence of defect states in the semiconductor layer plays a significant role in the observation of memory switching in these MSM devices. Gas-phase doping and current stressing of the semiconductor are some of the techniques that have been used in the past to introduce mid-gap defect states. In this work, we use for the first time, ion bombardment as a novel tool for defect introduction into the semiconductor material of the MSM devices and we compare the electrical, forming and switching characteristics of these devices to those fabricated using the previous techniques mentioned above.
A significant obsei-vation is that as the density of defects is increased in the semiconductor film with increasing implantation dose, conduction in the devices changes from barrier-controlled thermionic emission to bulk controlled where carriers hop through the defect states in a Poole-Frenkel manner. This transformation eliminates problems associated with Schottky barriers such as quality of contacts, oxidation, etc. In the forming characteristics, not only do we report enhanced uniform ity of the forming voltages (Vf) but also the magnitude of Vf is observed to vary systematically with the implantation dose used. The ON states and switching characteristics in the bombarded devices are also observed to be much m ore stable presumably as a result of the uniformity of the defects introduced by ion bombardment. W e report also an enhanced switching ratio in the ion bombarded devices, especially after partial annealing of the bombardment induced Si dangling bond defects.
2003-06-01T00:00:00ZTowards a Transnational Legal Order: The Role of Culture in Commercial Arbitration in AfricaShako, Florencehttp://dlibrary.ru.local:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/462021-06-29T09:56:49Z2016-10-01T00:00:00ZTowards a Transnational Legal Order: The Role of Culture in Commercial Arbitration in Africa
Shako, Florence
International arbitration is gaining traction in Africa as an ideal method of dispute
resolution for commercial disputes between parties from different jurisdictions. As crossborder
commerce, trade and investment increases in the African continent, so does the
potential of international arbitration. Although this is welcome economically, the
convergence of culture creates unprecedented complexities when disputes arise. Although
sometimes overlooked, culture plays a critical role in international arbitration as cases often
involve parties from different countries. The author contextualizes commercial arbitration in
a transnational legal order as arbitration is increasingly viewed as a transnational system of
justice. This paper further explores the meaning of culture and analyzes the manner in which
culture undergirds international arbitrations in Africa, given this transnational context. The
author argues that cultural considerations must be taken into account in order for
international arbitration to survive in the long run in Africa. This paper analyzes cultural
issues such as political and religious considerations, cultural biases and stereotypes,
communication and language issues, inter alia. Within this analysis, the author highlights
measures that could be put in place to ensure that these cultural issues are considered in
African-related arbitrations in order to contribute to the greater success of the arbitral
process.
2016-10-01T00:00:00Z