The Paradox of Plenty: Is Turkana County in Kenya Susceptible to Falling Prey to the Resource Curse.

Abstract

Kenya is a country rich in natural resources which make a substantial contribution to the national income and to the livelihood of its citizens. As Kenya seeks to develop its natural resources, there are greater efforts employed specifically to the growth of the oil and gas sector. Although natural resources can greatly contribute to the national income, their mismanagement can also lead to a devastated economy and can provoke and sustain internal conflicts and result in political instability. The resource curse therefore refers to the paradox of countries rich in oil, gas and minerals remaining poor. Despite their resource abundance, political and economic problems undermine the progress and development of such countries. Consequently, this inhibits good governance and democracy. This article analyzes the meaning of the resource curse concept as posited by various scholars. It also analyzes different theories posited for its existence. The author examines the economic and political explanations that have been put forward for the subsistence of the resource curse and the main criticisms lodged against the same. The author further explores the issues that have arisen in Turkana county in Kenya following oil discovery in this marginalized area that demonstrate the country’s vulnerability to falling prey to the resource curse. While the locals have greeted the news of an oil discovery with enthusiasm, the author argues that this oil find may lead to greater economic and political problems instead of the anticipated development for the region. The article argues that while the resource curse exists, it is not inevitable. The author concludes that oil and gas resources can contribute positively to Kenya both economically and politically through good governance, eradication of corruption and transparency in resource management. The author posits that these are the necessary tools to translate the natural resource riches in the country, particularly the recent oil discoveries in Turkana County, into sustainable and inclusive growth.